Social defence

Jørgen Johansen and Brian Martin

Sparsnäs, Sweden: Irene Publishing, 2019

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Phil Bogdonoff, “CBD: a short history,” Civilian Based Defense: News & Opinion, November 1982, pp. 3–5

Anders Boserup and Andrew Mack, War without Weapons: Non-violence in National Defence (London: Frances Pinter, 1974).

Aloysia Brooks, The Annihilation of Memory and Silent Suffering: Inhibiting Outrage at the Injustice of Torture in the War on Terror in Australia (PhD thesis, University of Wollongong, 2017).

Nick Buxton, “The elephant in Paris—guns and greenhouse gases,” Common Dreams, 13 November 2015.

Howard Clark, “Nonviolent resistance and social defence,” in Gail Chester and Andrew Rigby (eds.), Articles of Peace: Celebrating Fifty Years of Peace News (Bridport, Dorset: Prism, 1986), pp. 49–69

Tamás Csapody and Thomas Weber, “Hungarian nonviolent resistance against Austria and its place in the history of nonviolence,” Peace & Change, vol. 32, no. 4, 2007, pp. 499–519.

Giliam de Valk in cooperation with Johan Niezing, Research on Civilian-Based Defence (Amsterdam: SISWO, 1993)

Giliam de Valk and Brian Martin, “Publicly shared intelligence,” First Monday: Peer-reviewed Journal on the Internet, vol. 11, no. 9, 2006.

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Jeremy Gambrell, “Seven days that shook the world,” New York Review of Books, Vol. 38, No. 15, 26 September 1991, pp. 56–61.

Nils Petter Gleditch, “Civilian defense — from discussion to action?Bulletin of Peace Proposals, vol. 9, no. 4, 1978, pp. 291–292.

D. J. Goodspeed, The Conspirators: A Study of the Coup d'État (London: Macmillan, 1962), pp. 108–143

S. William Halperin, Germany Tried Democracy: A Political History of the Reich from 1918 to 1933 (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1946), pp. 168–188.

Jørgen Johansen, Brian Martin and Matt Meyer, “Non-violence versus US imperialism,Economic & Political Weekly, vol. 47, no. 38, 22 September 2012, pp. 82–89.

Hajo Karbach, “The myths of alternative defence,” WRI Open Forum, from Graswurzelrevolution, Summer 1981

Gene Keyes, “Force without firepower: a doctrine of unarmed military service,” CoEvolution Quarterly, Summer 1982, pp. 4–25. A 2014 version of this article is titled To Give Life: A Nonkilling Military. Precedents and Possibilities, http://www.genekeyes.com/To-Give-Life.html.

Gene Keyes, “Heavy casualties and nonviolent defense,” Philosophy and Social Action, vol. 17, nos. 3–4, July-December 1991, pp. 75–88. Introduction to Gene Keyes' article, by Brian Martin

David Kilcullen and Andrew McDonald Exum, “Death from above, outrage down below,” New York Times, 16 May 2009.

Stephen King-Hall, Defence in the Nuclear Age (London: Victor Gollancz, 1958).

Christopher Kruegler, “Civilian-based defense: the intellectual antecedents,” Civilian Based Defense: News & Opinion, vol. 4, no. 3, March 1988, pp. 1–4

Rachel MacNair, “The psychology of agents of repression: the paradox of defection,” in Lester R. Kurtz and Lee A. Smithey (eds.), The Paradox of Repression and Nonviolent Movements (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2018), pp. 74–101

Brian Martin, “Revolutionary social defence,” Bulletin of Peace Proposals, vol. 22, no. 1, March 1991, pp. 97–105.

Brian Martin, Social Defence, Social Change (London: Freedom Press, 1993).

Brian Martin, Technology for Nonviolent Struggle (London: War Resisters’ International, 2001).

Brian Martin, “How nonviolence is misrepresented,” Gandhi Marg, vol. 30, no. 2, July-September 2008, pp. 235–257.

Brian Martin, “Managing outrage over genocide: case study Rwanda,” Global Change, Peace & Security, vol. 21, no. 3, 2009, pp. 275–290.

Brian Martin, “Whatever happened to social defence?Social Alternatives, vol.33, no. 4, 2014, pp. 55–60.

Brian Martin and Patrick G. Coy, “Skills, training and activism,” Reflective Practice, vol. 18, no. 4, 2017, pp. 515–525

Brian Martin and Wendy Varney, Nonviolence Speaks: Communicating Against Repression (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2003)

Brian Martin and Steve Wright, “Countershock: mobilizing resistance to electroshock weapons,Medicine, Conflict and Survival, vol. 19, no. 3, July-September 2003, pp. 205–222.

Brian Martin and Steve Wright, “Looming struggles over technology for border control,” Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change, vol. 3, no. 1, 2006, pp. 95–107.

Eric L. Nelson, “Subversion of social movements by adversarial agents,” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, vol. 26, 2013, pp. 161–175.

Theodore Olson, “Social defence and deterrence: their interrelationship,” Bulletin of Peace Proposals, vol. 16, no. 1, 1985, pp. 33–40

Samantha Reis and Brian Martin, “Psychological dynamics of outrage against injustice,” Peace Research: The Canadian Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, 2008, pp. 5–23

Adam Roberts, “Civil resistance to military coups,” Journal of Peace Research, vol. 12, 1975, pp. 19–36.

Bertrand Russell, “War and non-resistance,” Atlantic Monthly, vol. 116, no. 2, August 1915, pp. 266–274.

Jaroslav Sabata, “Invasion or own goal?East European Reporter, vol. 3, no. 3, Autumn 1988, pp. 3–7

Jon Sharman, “UK accidentally invaded Spain in 2002, reveals former First Sea Lord,” The Independent, 4 April 2017.

Gene Sharp, Civilian-Based Defense: A Post-Military Weapons System (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990)

Gene Sharp, “Beyond just war and pacifism: nonviolent struggle towards justice, freedom and peace,” The Ecumenical Review, vol. 48, no. 2, 1996, p. 233–250.

David Smith, “Kunduz hospital attack: US forces did not act on MSF warnings for 17 min,The Guardian, 25 November 2015.

Wolfgang Sternstein, “The Ruhrkampf of 1923: economic problems of civilian defence,” in Adam Roberts (ed.), The Strategy of Civilian Defence: Non-violent Resistance to Aggression (London: Faber and Faber, 1967), pages 106–135.

Wolfgang Sternstein, “Strategies of transition to social defense,” Civilian Based Defense: News & Opinion, vol. 6, no. 1, July/August 1989, pp. 8–10.

Charles Tilly, “War making and state making as organized crime,” in Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 169–191.

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics 1918–1945 (London: Macmillan, 1961), pp. 70–82.

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Civilian-Based Defense: News & Opinion. Issues 1982-2001



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